Uwe Bergmann did pioneering research using xray fluorescence on the Archimedes Palimpsest, back in 2006 at SLAC, in conjunction with archivists from the Walters Art Museum:
Web Link

The description given of the physics of the imaging method -- "Atoms constantly have energy coming off of them, and with this technique the beam is able to alter the energy coming off of a single atom." -- is useless, and should be replaced with a sensible description of the process of xray fluorescence. Readers might also like to know how the xrays are produced from accelerated electrons at the Stanford Linear Accelerator, and how the xray beam is controlled to scan across the book pages.